Diuretic, Glaucoma treatment, Urinary alkalinizing agent, Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor, Potassium Depleting Diuretic
Brand Names
GlaucTabs®, Neptazane®
Drug Information
Pharmacology
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor – results in decreased formation of aqueous humor.
Contraindications
General
- Contraindicated in animals with sulfonamide hypersensitivity
- Contraindicated in patients with hepatic disease – may precipitate hepatic coma.
- Contraindicated in patients with renal or adrenocortical insufficiency
- Contraindicated in patients with electrolyte disorders, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperchloremic acidosis.
- Contraindicated in pulmonary obstructive disorders
- Contraindicated in angle closure glaucoma-long term use in these cases can cause angle closure and mask symptoms by reducing intraocular pressure.
- Contraindicated in pre existing hematologic disorders or respiratory acidosis
- Caution in diabetics or obstructive pulmonary disease
Adverse Effects
General
- Vomiting, diarrhea, CNS effects- sedation, depression, excitement and bone marrow suppression are possible.
- Renal effects-crystalluria, dysuria, polyuria and polydipsia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricosemia are also possible.
- Hepatic insufficiency, dermatologic effects – rash, pruritus, hypersensitivity reactions and death are all possible side effects.
Interactions
Category Interactions
Corticosteroid
- May exacerbate potassium depletion.
Diuretic
- May exacerbate potassium depletion.
Drug Interactions
Amphotericin B
- May exacerbate potassium depletion.
Corticotropin (ACTH)
- May exacerbate potassium depletion.
Digoxin
- May exacerbate potassium depletion.
Dorzolamide (Ophthalmic)
- Topical dorzolamide does not have additive benefit and may increase the risk for side effects.
Insulin
- May affect the hypoglycemic effect of insulin.
Methenamine
- May negate the effects of methenamine in the urine.
Methotrexate
- Excretion rate may be affected.
PHENobarbital
- Excretion rate may be affected.
Phenytoin sodium
- May cause severe osteomalacia.
Primidone
- Absorption may be inhibited and may result in osteomalacia.
Procainamide
- Excretion rate may be affected.
QuiNIDine
- Excretion rate may be affected.
Available Forms
Human
- Tablets – 25 and 50 mg; Neptazane ®, GlaucTabs ®, generic.
Veterinary – General
- None
Comments